notes on Community, Dev and Comdev

Hi all
I had difficulty with my powerpoint slides so when I saw Kristina this morning (friday), I thought I'll just give you a hard copy instead. She will leave the copy at the SC copier - if you want a copy, just ask from the copier operators but of course you pay):( Please study the notes and make sure you read the book assigned to you last month.
I expect a lot of hardwork from you on your fieldwork. Please comply. Thanks and keep the inspiration. Christmas is just around the corner - happy holidays in advance...

Trel b

Community Assignment

Dear all

I have two things for you:

1. Please go over all the data/syntheses as a result of the parallel sessions. Take note that there are still groups that haven't submitted theirs. I committed to send you these notes today so even if there are still missing reports I must already hit the "Send" button in a little while. I will still be able to send the reports of those who will make it to the 12MN deadline today in a few days

2. Your assigned communities/parishes are as follows:
a) Melborne's team - Bulua c/o Fr Eddie Magtrayo
b) Leo Mar's - Carmen c/o Fr Perseus Cabunoc
c) Vincent's - Balulang c/o Fr Glenn Pimentel
d) Florence - Nazareth (San Antonio) __?
e) Jheffrey Pholl - Kauswagan c/o Fr Roel Buntol
f) Carmi - Lumbia c/o Fr Jose Cabantan
g) Vic Jason - Camaman-an __?
h) Bnn - Lapasan (Nazareno) c/o Msgr Rey Monsanto
i) Boomboom - Macasandig (San LorenzoRuiz) __?
j) Emily - Consolacion ___?

I have yet to properly introduce you to the parish priests and or to other contact persons. Why priests? We are partnering with the Archidocese of Cagayan de Oro to make the work easier for you. Because of this, we need to meet on Tuesday (sorry folks!), 18 November. I will give you the Tue after next, 25 Nov as off class=================================

good luck!

1. SYNTHESIS – PARALLEL SESSION (Politics, Health, Peace and order)

a) POLITICS AND CORRUPTION (BOLUHAN, FERNAN)

POLITICS

• Defined as the science of civil government
• Includes the process of group decision making; these groups of people are also known as political parties
• The term is usually and generally applied to behaviour and practices in the civil government, however it can also be observed on other human group interactions in the corporate, academic and religious institutions (e.g. student government, hierarchal positions on the Catholic church, bureaucracy in corporate organizations)

POWER

Social psychologists have recognized two main types of power and the other three have just branched out from the concepts. These types are:

• Incentive power – the power to reward
• Coercive power – the power to punish
• Legitimate power – given to an individual by a recognized authority to enforce standards of behavior (e.g. traffic enforcer)
• Referent power – bestowed upon individuals by virtue of accomplishment or attitude (e.g. modern day heroes, those awarded for bravery)
• Expert power – springs from education or experience (e.g. people with PhDs)

AUTHORITY

• In the political context, it implies legitimacy and acceptance
• The person in authority has the right to exercise his or her power (e.g. elected public officials, traffic enforcers)

LEGITIMACY

• It is gained through the acquisition and application of power, provided that it is adhering to recognized standards and principles (e.g. documents from lawyers)

Max Weber's Tripartite Classification of Authority

• Traditional – supporting existing values of status quo, usually patriarchal, acknowledging the father as the head of the household
• Charismatic – grows out of personal charm or strength of the person
• Legal-rational authority - receive their ability to compel behavior by virtue of the office that they hold, it is usually obedience to the position the person has, not to the person him/herself

GLOBAL POLITICS

• From 2003 to present, International congresses are held against socialist regimes and restoration of capitalism
• Anti-globalization movement heightens, especially I n Latin America and in some third world countries. Some consider globalization as the new form of capitalism.
• Peace and order still remains a distant goal for some countries in the Middle East and Africa

PHILIPPINE POLITICS

• Despite the political turmoil, the political situation gas remained rather peaceful as of the moment.
• Some say that we are 'one notch short of getting violent'; this is both good and bad since we aren't really that in chaos yet, but we are really close to getting there.
• The country is extremely polarized in a sense that people have different views and sentiments towards politicians and issues.

CORRUPTION

• Technically refers to the concept where in an organization, a certain part of it is not performing its duties as it was originally intended to or could be performing it in an improper way.

POLITICAL CORRUPTION

• Using government powers for personal gain

Types of abuse

· Bribery

· Graft

· Patronage

· Nepotism and cronyism

· Embezzlement

· Kickbacks

· Involvement in organized crime

b) PEACE AND ORDER (ESCAÑO, GO, TAGUPA)

PEACE

• "freedom from civil disorder"
• the absence of war or other hostilities
• an agreement or treaty to end hostilities
• freedom from quarrels & disagreements
• public security and order
• inner contentment; serenity ; peace of mind

Peace as the presence of justice

Mahatma Gandhi suggested that if an oppressive society lacks violence, the society is nonetheless not peaceful, because of the injustice of the oppression.

Peace & Development

• when a country is developed, it is nevertheless peaceful

Peaceful development includes:

• good governance,
• healthcare,
• education,
• gender equality,
• disaster preparedness,
• infrastructure,
• economics,
• rule of law,
• human rights,
• environment and
• other political issues.

The measuring of development uses not only GDP but also numerous measures such as:

• Literacy rates
• Life expectancy
• Gini coefficient
• Per capita income
• Maternal survival rate
• HIV infection rates
• Number of doctors per capita
• Human Development Index

c) HEALTH AND REPRODUCTIVE GEALTH BILL (HB NO. 5043) (NERI, TSE, IRAN, CABAHUG)

Health

- freedom from disease or pain

- condition of being sound in body

- any problem in health could hamper development since manpower is the principal asset of every country.

- Improving maternal health is one of the goals of MGD

Health Situation and Trend in the Philippines

- Communicable diseases and non communicable diseases, health risk factors and transition

- Outbreaks of communicable diseases

- Leading cause of morality and morbidity

- Maternal, infant and child diseases

- Burden of diseases like Tuberculosis

Indicators

- Births attended by skilled health personnel is estimated 59.8%

- Maternal deaths per 100000 births is 4100 mothers

- Contraceptive prevalence is estimated 33.44%

- Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births is estimated 26

- Child mortality per 1000 under 5 male – 40; female – 28

- Crude birth rate per 1000 is 25.7%, crude birth death rate is 5.1%

Indicators show that birth rate is much higher that death rate which is a problem since it results to overpopulation; one reason of poverty in the country.

HB 5043 reproductive health and population development act of 2008

- Providing national policy on reproductive health, responsible parenthood and population development.

- Policy aims to promote four pillars of population development:

o Responsible parenthood

o Informed choice

o Birth spacing

o Respect for life

- Seeks to provide couples with enabling environment to enjoy basic rights to decide freely the number and spacing of children and to have the information, education and access to legally-safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of gamily planning.

2. Synthesis: Population, Waste and Sanitation, Environment

a) Population

Group of Vincent Dalaota, Merzel Bolongaita and Cherie Fae Ancheta

Population

· The number of people in an area.

· The organisms inhabiting a particular locality.

Demography - the scientific study of human population.

Sub-topics:

1.) Composition - refers to the characteristics of the people being studied when measured as a group.

Examples: age, sex, marital status, ethnicity or race, education

2.) Distribution - the manner in which a population is spread over the earth’s surface. It shows the population density, economies of scale, and the demographic change in fertility, mortality and migration.

3.) Population size and population growth – gives us the estimated population, the growth in food production, and etc

Statistics:

· Of the total population in 2000, about 38.5 million or 50.36 percent were males while 38.0 million or 49.64 percent were females.

· Out of the 38 million females in the Philippines, the total population of women in childbearing ages (15-49 years) was recorded at 19.4 million or 51.04 percent. The highest percentage of which, was in the 15 to 19 years age group (10.53 percent).

· About 43.89 percent of the total population 10 years and over were single, while 45.66 percent were married

· Academic degree holders, there were more females (57.89 percent) than males (42.11 percent).

· Baccalaureate courses, the proportion was higher for females (58.27 percent) than for males (41.73 percent).

b) Waste Management and Sanitation

Group of Saluma Fi Jumawid, Carmi Marie Don and Grace Dy

Sanitation – the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health.

Waste management methods:

1.) Disposal Method

§ Landfilling

§ Incineration or burning

2.) Recycling Method – The process of extracting resources or value from waste is generally referred to as recycling, meaning to recover or reuse the material.

§ Physical Reprocessing – The popular meaning of ‘recycling’ in most developed countries refers to the widespread collection and reuse of everyday waste materials such as empty beverage containers.

§ Biological Reprocessing – Waste materials that are organic in nature such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recycled using biological composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter.

§ Energy Recovery – The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel.

3.) Avoidance and Reduction Method – An important method of waste management is the prevention of waste material being created also known as waste reduction. Methods of avoidance include reuse of second-hand products, and repairing broken items instead of buying new.

c) Environment

Group of April Jhim De La Cruz, Princess Dawn Felicitas and Melborne Baiting

Environment – a term that encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or in some region thereof.

Global Situation

Global Environmental Issues

Global Warming

• Air Quality
• National Lands
• Species Preservation
• Treatment of Waste
• Nuclear Waste
• Water Quality
• Chemicals in Air and Food
• Genetically Modified Foods
• Global Population Growth

National Situation

Natural Resource Degradation

· Forest cover in the Philippines has been significantly reduced over the last forty years due to increasing urbanization, illegal logging and forest fires

· Rapid conversion of forestlands and grasslands to urban use is depleting our natural systems.

· Marine resources are heavily stressed by over exploitation and pollution.

Deteriorating Urban Environment

· Household garbage collection is improving but 90% of sewage is not treated and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.

· Les than 10% of the country’s total population is connected to sewers and rarely maintain on-site sanitation.

· Increasing water pollution is degrading the country’s groundwater, rivers, lakes and coastal areas and the quality of half of the country’s rivers fall below water quality norms.

Water Pollution

· The discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff has caused extensive pollution of the receiving water bodies.

· The adverse impact of water pollution costs the economy and estimated Ph67 billion annually.

In the article Philippine Environment: In Deep Trouble published by the World Environmental Journalist Egroup on March 28, 2005, it cited the following:

· Rapid forest loss has eliminated habitat for unique and threatened plant and animal species

· The loss of nutrient soil reduces crop yields.

· Rivers and streams carry eroded soil to the coast.

· Between 1990 and 2000, the country lost more than 800, 000 hectares of forests to clearing for agriculture, forest fires, illegal logging, and other factors.

The destruction of the country’s natural resources has led more Filipinos to poverty.

Local Situation

Findings from Howie Severino’s “The Green Guide”

Local Issues:

· Government

§ The government especially the Department of Environment and Natural Resources must properly implement the existing laws to address environmental problems.

· Population Growth

§ The increase of number of people has caused the depletion of environmental resources since people are cutting down trees to build houses and buildings and they also do coal mining which is used for the energy consumption of the people.

· Agriculture

§ Agriculture has contributed to environmental pollution.

§ Fertilizers and chemicals have reached the water bodies of our ecosystem.

· Health and Sanitation

§ People don’t practice waste management and sanitation.

INDIVIDUAL REPORTS

(i have yet to receive the synthesis of the other parallel sessions and the overall synthesis of all the sessions care of the various group synthesizers)

a) Corruption

Tarampi, Bnn Gerald Socio97

Vergara, Anne Danielle

Ricote, Joanna Mae

Robero, Carla Paula

SYNTHESIS: Corruption

Definition:

An impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle; depravity, decay, and/or an inducement to wrong by improper or unlawful means, a departure from the original or from what is pure or correct, and/or an agency or influence that corrupts.

Types:

Ø Institutional Corruption

Ø Political Corruption

Ø Data Corruption

Ø Linguistic Corruption

The Philippine Setting

-The mortal mix of corruption and poverty and a consequent loss of popular confidence in government and the electoral process as instruments of change.

-it retards economic and social development, lowers the quality of public services and infrastructure and raises the prices of goods and services.

-In 2000, the World Bank estimated that the Philippines had lost $48 billion to corruption from 1977 to 1997

-Graft and corruption has become so ingrained in the national life that it is considered “normal.”

-control of corruption has worsened over the past 11 years, from 45.1% in ‘96 to 22.0% in ‘07

-among 61 countries surveyed in the 2006 World Competitiveness Survey, the Philippines ranked 60th on bribery and corruption

-In the 2007 report of the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, using a grading system with 10 as the worst possible score, the Philippines got 9.4

Public Perception of Graft & Corruption

Ø In a survey conducted in Metro Manila by the Social Weather Station (SWS), as much as 68 percent of respondents agreed that given current conditions, corrupt government officials are a greater threat to the country than the MILF rebels

According to Social Weather Stations surveys, Filipinos perceive the following to be the main forms of corruption:

1. general bribery / gift-giving
2. diversion of budget away from projects
3. no transparency in bidding
4. overpricing procurement
5. doing substandard project
6. underreporting tax collection
7. tax and tariff evasion
8. pork barrel
9. cronyism

The top 3 in the number of corruption complaints

received by the Office of the Ombudsman:

1. Department of Public Works and Highways (26.9% of all cases)
2. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (17.5 %)
3. Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (15.9%)

The relationship between corruption and human development

-Philippines has only the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of 2.5

- The higher the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), the higher the Human Development Index

- because Philippines has only 2.5 CPI, therefore it has a low Human Development Index

Assignment 1

I take the liberty of assigning you to the following groups:

Group 1 : Melborne Baiting, Princess Dawn Felicitas, April Jhim de la Cruz

(environment and gender)

Group 2: Leo Mar Carpentero, Janissa Ibrahim, KC Maristela (education)

Group 3: Vincent John Dalaota, Cherie Fae Ancheta, Merzel Bolongaita (population)

Group 4: Florence Fernan, Lovely Ayn Boluhan, Hannah Hazel Boyles (politics,

corruption)

Group 5: Jhefrey Pholl Lacdo-o, Camille Mae Cruz, Aprille Domingo (food

security/eco)

Group 6: Christian Ian Pangilinan, Carmi Marie Don, Grace Dy, Saluma Fi Jumawid

(sanitation and waste management)

Group 7: Vic Jason Tagupa, Ma Luisa Escaño, Stephanie Go, Pamela Grace Lico (peace

and order)

Group 8: Bnn Gerald, Carla Paulo Robero, Joanna Mae Ricote, Yoda Vergara

(corruption)

Group 9: Gieanbill Tse, Ialy Stefanie Cabahug, Karen Shallowe Iran, Swietenia Neri

(health and reproductive health bill)

Group 10: Emily Rafols, Jennifer Rose Suralta, Ma Krisal Poquita (culture)

Each group prepares on the topic assigned for presentation in the plenary session

onTuesday, 11 November 2008, A 602

You will be evaluated based on the following criteria:

*strength/richness of data - 5 pts

*sound analysis - 5

*presentation (clarity and use of visual aids) – 5

*ability to answer questions - 5

*team effort - 5

____

Total 25 pts

INTRODUCTION

Dear all
Welcome to OUR blog -our virtual classroom! I also welcome you formally to Socio 97 (Community Organization) class, sem 2 SY 08-09.
Below is the course syllabus. I hope you find this meaningful. I look forward to a fruitful and meaningful interaction with you.
I encourage you to visit this site regularly and post your comments/thoughts.

Sincerely
Trel b

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Development Communication Department

Xavier University College of Agriculture

Course Syllabus

Socio 97

Sem 2, SY 08 – 09

Course Title: Community Organization

Course Description:

This course is an elective offering for fourth year Development Communication students. Other agriculture students, and even non-agriculture students , who are at least in their third year, are most welcome to enroll.

Number Of Credit Units: 3 units ( 3 hours lecture per week)

Number Of Hours Per Week: 3 hours lecture per week

Entry Competency/Pre-requisite:

Since this course is offered in the fourth year curriculum of the Development Communication department, or third year in the other departments, it is expected that the students who would enroll in this course have had basic knowledge on basic sociological and development concepts. Their basic knowledge would be used as points of entry and as specific examples as regards the application of various sociological and development theories, practices, and models.

General Objectives:

A. Cognitive

· Discuss the meaning and concepts of the following basic terminologies: community,

organization, development, participation

· Discuss the historical background of community development (comdev) and the need for it

· Present strategies, approaches, tools and frameworks for community development

B. Affective

· Understand the problems of poverty and inequality as a way to make them critical of

the situation of the communities

· Show concern to issues confronting the communities, especially those in the margins, by

articulating those that had been observed and or experienced

C. Psychomotor

· Apply the learnings through a comdev proposal/plan

COURSE OUTLINE:

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Time Frame : two weeks

Specific Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students are able

1. to contextualize discussions on development through an analysis of

local, national and global situation;

2. to define the meanings of the terms comdev;

3. trace the historical background of comdev;

4. present the differences and similarities of comdev work and community extension.

Coverage:

A Development situationer

B Meaning of community and development

C Various aspects and approaches of development

D Concepts of comdev

E Historical background of CD

F Differences and similarities of CD and Extension

H Field work; Community Familiarization

UNIT 2 : STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Time Frame : two weeks

Specific Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students are able

1. to enumerate the principles, types, approaches and components of CD
2. to identify the roles and guidelines of a CD worker
3. to explain the CD framework
4. to articulate the issues in comdev

Coverage:

A Principles of CD

B Types of CD

C Approaches to CD

D Components of the CD process

E Roles and work guidelines of CD workers

F The CD framework

G Issues in community development

H Field work; Rapid Rural Appraisal; SWOT Analysis

UNIT 3 : POVERTY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Time Frame : two weeks

Specific Objectives: At the end of the unit, the students are able

1. to articulate the problems in rural communities
2. to present the problems of poverty and inequality in rural communities
3. to identify the various approaches and strategies to alleviate poverty;
4. to appreciate identifiable rural development programs

Coverage:

A Problem of poverty and inequality in rural communities

B Approaches and strategies to alleviate poverty

C Rural development programs

D The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

E Writing Case Studies

E Field work; Project Proposal – Concept Paper

UNIT 4 : PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT

Time Frame : two weeks

Specific Objectives: At the end of the session, the students are able

1. to explain the concepts of people participation;

2. to critically analyze the issues for and against people participation;

3. to identify the approaches to community participation

Coverage:

A Concepts of people participation or community participation

B Issues for and against people participation

C How participatory is participatory development

D Approaches to and types of community participation

MID-TERM EXAMINATION

UNIT 5 : COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

Time Frame : one week

Specific Objectives: At the end of the session, the students are able

1. to present the concepts, principles, practice, process and approaches of community

organizing

2. to enumerate the tools for community organizing

Coverage:

A Concept of CO

B Principles and practice of CO

C CO process and approaches

D CO steps and the organizer

E Tools for CO

F Field work

G Proposal Defense

FINAL EXAMINATION

LEARNING METHODOLOGIES:

During the semester, students shall be exposed to various learning methodologies, such as:

1. lecture-discussion

2. e-based interaction through the blog

3. library work and web-based materials

4. field/office interviews

5. case studies and analyses

6. action planning/proposal preparation

GRADING SYSTEM/REQUIREMENTS:

1. Field Activities/Action plan/Development plan 40%

2. Defense and critique of a development plan 15%

3. Peer evaluation 10%

4. Term exams 20%

5. Quizzes, attendance and participation 15% 100%

References:

Bachrach, Peter. 1970. Power and Poverty: Theory and Practice. New York : Oxford University

Press

Frank, Flo and Anne Smith. 1999. The Community Development Handbook: A Tool to Build

Community Capacity (as it appears in www.hrdc –dhrc.gc.ca/community)

Ledesma, Antonio. 2005. Healing the Past, Building the Future. Quezon City : Jesuit

Communications Foundations

Mariano, Marylou, e tal. 2003. Case Studies on Community Participation in World Vision Kusog

Baga Program. Quezon City : Center for Policy and Executive Development

Nebres, Binevenido, et. al. 2002. Managing Conflict Building Consenus. ADMU Press, Quezon City.

Polestico, Rachel. 1988. Framework and operation of CIPS. Makati, Metro Manila : Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resources (PHILDHRRA)

Schanely, Leon. 1983. Developing Community Potential. Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics

Swanson, Burton, e tal (eds). 1997. Improving Agricultural Extension. FAO, Rome

________2003. Ehem! A Manual for Deepening Involvement in Combating Corruption. Phil

Province of the Society of Jesus Committee on the Evangelization of Culture. RPO,

ADDU, Davao City

_________ The PACAP 12, AusAID Publications series of 2001

Web-based materials:

www.neda.gov.ph; www.da.gov.ph

other books and web-based materials to be announced in class

CLASSROOM POLICIES

1. The Development Plan is a must. No student passes the course without it

2. Students must come to class and submit requirements ON TIME.

3. Students are encouraged to participate in class discussion; they must use the medium of

instruction which is English.

6. Notes may be posted on the instructor’s blog site socio97.blogspot.com; students are

encouraged to visit the site and post comments as necessary

CLASS SCHEDULE

Tues 9:00 – 11:40, A602

CONSULTATION HOURS

office at A 202; Consultation Hours: daily (M-F) 4:00- 6:00pm; Sat 10:00 – 12:00

Prepared by: Approved By:

ESTRELLA E TACO – BORJA MA THERESA M RIVERA

Instructor Department Chair

Nov 2008